The Being Knowing Doing Christian Spiritual Formation Framework was developed by Emily Bingham, Douglas Curry, Mina Choi, and Kevin Villegas in 2022. It articulates 12 spiritual formation outcomes within three domains of life: Being, Knowing, and Doing. 

Although this framework was designed to guide spiritual formation programming at Messiah University, it is available for use by any interested Christian leaders. Additional permission is not required by the authors, though they would appreciate hearing how others are utilizing this framework and how it is contributing to spiritual growth within your community.  

If this framework is used in scholarly work, please use the appropriate citation:

Bingham, E.J., Choi, M., Curry, D., and Villegas, K. (2022). The Being Knowing Doing Christian Spiritual Formation Framework. https://www.messiah.edu/info/20054/spiritual_formation

The Being Knowing Doing Christian Spiritual Formation Scale was developed by Emily Bingham, Melinda Burchard, Shelly Skinner, and Preston Teuscher in 2024, as a tool for measuring needs and gains in spiritual formation among college students. 

Although it was designed for use at Messiah University in conjunction with the Being Knowing Doing Christian Spiritual Formation Framework, this tool is available for use by any interested researchers. Additional permission is not required by the authors, though they would appreciate hearing how others are utilizing the scale and what they are learning. 

If this scale is used in scholarly work, please use the appropriate citation:

Bingham, E.J., Burchard, M.S., Skinner, S.A., and Teuscher, P.M. (2024). Being Knowing Doing Christian Spiritual Formation Scale. Retrieved at https://www.emilyjbingham.com/ 

This article describes two studies conducted by an interdisciplinary team of researchers. The first study describes the process of scale development for a tool to assess Christian spiritual formation, resulting in the Being Knowing Doing Christian Spiritual Formation Scale, which uses 24 Likert-Scale items. The second study assessed the spiritual formation needs of first-year college students using the aforementioned scale. 

The document provided here is the author's original manuscript.